Bitcoin

Miniscript

By Paul Brock·Updated on 22-04-2026
TL;DR

Miniscript is a structured representation of Bitcoin Script that makes complex spending conditions readable, analysable and safe to compose.

Bitcoin Script is powerful but hard to write correctly and securely. Miniscript offers a subset of Script with formal guarantees: you can express conditions like 'key A OR (key B AND time > T)' compositionally. Developers get static verification that their spending conditions hold, without hidden malleability or fee issues.

Example

An inheritance wallet wants: 'only I can always spend; after 1 year my kid + notary can also jointly spend.' In miniscript: or_d(pk(alice),and_v(v:pk(kid),and_v(v:pk(notary),older(52560)))) — compiles to safe Bitcoin script.

Frequently asked questions

Who uses miniscript in practice?

Wallets with advanced spending policies: Liana (inheritance wallet), Specter, Sparrow for custom multisig configurations, and institutional custody solutions needing complex signing schemes.

Related terms

Further reading

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